Ankle-brachial pressure index - ABI
Ankle-brachial index - a parameter for assessing the adequacy of blood circulation in lower extremities. For this purpose, the measurement is blood pressure in the shoulder and ankle. After that, these figures are compared with the result that the physician receives the ankle-brachial index. Typically, the pressure in the shoulder and the ank
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Deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities
The arteries blood enriched with oxygen flowing to the other organs and tissues. Furthermore, blood, giving oxygen and nutrients to tissues takes so-called "slag," and goes through the veins to the heart. In the lower limbs, there are three types of veins. This surface, which are under the skin, and deep veins located deep in the muscles. These two types of veins ar
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Pulmonary embolism (PE) is that the patient's blood to form clots (often in the deep veins of the lower limbs), which entered the bloodstream into the pulmonary artery. This leads to partial or complete blockage of blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs.
Normally, the blood is coming from the right heart to the lungs where it absorbs oxygen and gives carbon dioxide. The vessel on which the blood goes to the lungs is called pulmonary artery
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Blockage or thrombosis pulmonary artery branches leads to many negative effects in the patient:
An obstruction to blood flow in the pulmonary artery leading to increased pressure on pulmonary heart (as the blood in the pulmonary artery is a question of right heart failure). This leads to acute right ventricular failure
Blockage of the
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The most common cause of pulmonary embolism is deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities. Other causes may be pelvic vein thrombosis.
Risk factors for pulmonary embolism
Genetic predisposition (presence of a direct relative who had thromboembolism)
Coagulation disorders - with an i
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Symptoms of pulmonary embolism
They depend on the nature of the clogging of blood vessels: the caliber blockage, clot location, number of occluded vessels. As a rule, thromboembolism occurs suddenly and without apparent warning. The very first symptom is sudden dyspnea (shortness of breath). Furthermore, there is pain in the chest, radiating to the shoulder, arm, hemoptysis, palpitations. With the vast amount of c
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Treatment of pulmonary embolism
Treatment of this disease consists of activities aimed at maintaining adequate blood circulation in the body, anticoagulation with heparin, thrombolytic therapy and, if necessary, surgery.
Supportive measures include oxygen therapy, pain management, if necessary, ventilation and antishock therapy.
Heparin is usually given intravenously immediately. Heparin was not able
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