Causes,Symptoms,Diagnosis,Treatment,Analysis,disease

Chronic pyelonephritis - causes and treatment

Admin — Thu, 21 Jun 2012 10:18:27 GMT

Chronic pyelonephritis - causes and treatment

Chronic pyelonephritis is the result of acute pyelonephritis.

The causes of chronic inflammation in the kidney is usually as follows:

Improper treatment of acute pyelonephritis, the appointment of ineffective antibiotics, insufficient duration of treatment. The presence in the patient's chronic focus of infection and no cure of this focus.

Go to the form of micro-organisms that are resistant to adverse external influences, which greatly complicates the treatment and sometimes creates the illusion of recovery of the patient.

The presence of other diseases of urinary system, which contribute to chronic process, first of all in violation of the outflow of urine (urinary stone disease, narrowing of the urinary tract, prostate adenoma). The lack of treatment of the underlying disease, the most common cause of chronic pyelonephritis.

The presence of chronic diseases of other organs and systems that lead to a weakening of the body's defenses (diabetes, obesity, blood disorders, gastro-intestinal tract, etc.).
Abnormalities in the immune system, diseases and conditions associated with decreased immune defense.

Chronic pyelonephritis often begin in childhood after acute pyelonephritis. Girls get sick more often. If acute pyelonephritis, for whatever reason not disinfected, acute infectious and viral diseases of other organs (influenza and other viral respiratory infections, sore throats, sinusitis, otitis) lead to an exacerbation of infection in the kidneys.

Depending on the activity of the inflammatory process in kidneys distinguish the following phases of chronic pyelonephritis:

Phase of active inflammation. This condition is an acute inflammatory process, when the kidney is an inflammatory process and the body fights infection. In this case, found in the urine white blood cells, bacteria, blood analysis - signs of inflammation in the body, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In the treatment of chronic pyelonephritis, and sometimes even without treatment, the acute phase into the next - latent.

Latent phase may last for a long time, sometimes up to six months. In the latent phase of the inflammatory process in kidneys dies down, the number of leukocytes and bacteria in the urine is reduced, reaction to the inflammation decreases.
Phase remission. All laboratory tests came to normal figures. But after a while in case of unfavorable conditions for the human body the process is resumed.

Each new exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis in the inflammatory process involves all of the new sections of kidney tissue. Over time, after attenuation of the inflammatory process, at this point the normal kidney tissue dies and forms a scar. As a result of long-term course of chronic pyelonephritis is a gradual reduction in working kidney tissue, eventually the kidney shrinks and stops functioning. In the case of bilateral renal disease, this leads to the emergence of chronic renal failure.

Chronic pyelonephritis can occur for many years, sometimes unnoticed by the patient and physician. Often, chronic pyelonephritis occurs only general weakness, fatigue on exertion, headaches, weak, dull pain in the lumbar region on one or both sides. Sometimes, patients increasingly concerned by the manifestations of the gastrointestinal tract (abdominal pain, constipation, bloating). Over time, with a decrease in kidney function appear thirst, dry mouth, and various violations of urination (large amounts of urine during the day or night). Increased blood pressure, and this renal hypertension is poorly treated.

Diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis is carried out using laboratory, radioisotope X-ray methods.

Treatment of chronic pyelonephritis. Treatment of chronic pyelonephritis must solve three problems:

eliminate the causes that led to the emergence of the disease - a violation of the outflow of urine and blood circulation disorders of kidney
required treatment with antibiotics or other antibacterial drugs, taking into account the sensitivity of the microorganism causing the disease to antibiotics
increase the body's defenses.

Treatment of chronic pyelonephritis long, the first course of antibacterial therapy for at least 6 weeks. Then, a second course of antibiotic therapy, the frequency is determined by the course of the inflammatory process in patients individually. In the intervals prescribed course of diuretic herbs, cranberry juice, methionine. To increase the immune defenses are appointed or pentoksil methyluracil. Assigned to a spa treatment, receiving brackish mineral waters. If the patient has abnormalities of the kidneys, urinary tract surgery is sometimes required. In children, such treatment must be performed as soon as possible to save most of the renal tissue.

Acute pyelonephritis - diagnosis and Treatment

Admin — Thu, 21 Jun 2012 10:11:35 GMT

Acute pyelonephritis - diagnosis and Treatment

Acute pyelonephritis - an acute infectious-inflammatory disease of the kidney tissue and pyelocaliceal system of the kidneys. It may be primary or develop on the background of another existing kidney disease.

For the manifestation of acute pyelonephritis is characterized by high body temperature, pain in the lumbar region and changes in the urine. At first it may appear fever, profuse sweating, high body temperature, headache, pain in the joints. There is pain in the lumbar spine, the kidneys, upper quadrant.

In the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis are important laboratory methods: urinalysis, blood and urine for the presence of microorganisms and susceptibility of microorganisms to antibiotics. To clarify the status of the urinary tract carried ultrasound of the kidneys.

Treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Treatment of acute pyelonephritis drug. The patient is usually hospitalized. We recommend bed rest, diet, drinking plenty of fluids. Be sure to prescribe antibiotics or other chemical antimicrobials. When initial treatment guided by a sensitivity analysis of micro-organisms found in urine, to antibiotics. Treatment starts with the most effective drug. For the treatment of pyelonephritis using different groups of antibiotics (the most effective - fluoroquinolone: norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), nitrofuranovogo drugs (furagin, furadonin) nitroksolinovaya acid. In order to prevent the transition of acute pyelonephritis in chronic, antibiotic therapy is prescribed to 6 weeks. In addition, adjuvants are used (dekaris, prodigeozan). Usually, the results of treatment are good, next week, with timely treatment, the patient's condition improved and in four weeks recovery occurs, but the antibiotics, the patient should receive up to 6 weeks.

If acute pyelonephritis was secondary, ie arose against the backdrop of another kidney disease, treatment must be appointed the underlying disease. If this is disrupted the flow of urine, the disease can be delayed, sometimes have purulent processes in the kidney or urinary tract is a stone with urolithiasis. In this case, you may need surgery.

Occasionally there are formidable complications:

apostematozny Jade
abscess
kidney carbuncle.

Apostematozny nephritis is characterized by the appearance of the kidney capsule of a large number of small pustules (the Apostles). He runs hard and in identifying apostematoznogo jade requires urgent surgical treatment.

Carbuncle is the formation of kidney tissue in the kidney of pyo-necrotic focus. Flows is difficult and as a complication requiring urgent surgery.

Abscess of the kidney is very rare and is a hotbed of purulent fusion of renal tissue. Treated surgically.

Acute pyelonephritis, manifestation, diagnosis, Treatment,

Simple ulcer of the bladder

Admin — Thu, 21 Jun 2012 09:27:18 GMT

Simple ulcer of the bladder

Simple ulcer of the bladder is a chronic disease in which the wall of the bladder forms an ulcer. Most often it is at the top of the bubble, has a rounded shape, covered with a purulent coating, bleeds easily. Around the ulcer a zone of inflammatory changes. Manifestations of a simple ulcer of the bladder are very similar to the course of chronic cystitis. Periodically pain in the bladder, frequent urination. In women, the aggravation may occur during the premenstrual period.

For the diagnosis of simple ulcer of the bladder is carried out laboratory studies, but the basic method is cystoscopy, which allows you to see the ulcer, determine its location.

Treatment of simple ulcer of the bladder. Used initially conservative treatment: antibiotics, washing the bladder with solutions of silver nitrate, the introduction into the bladder of sea buckthorn oil, BHT. Most conservative treatment does not bring results. In this case, a removal of ulcers through the urethra, or surgical procedure. If an ulcer is carried out large plastic bladder wall with the ulcer site. But even after surgical treatment of chronic cystitis may progress and lead to wrinkling of the bladder.

Artificial insemination methods

Admin — Mon, 18 Jun 2012 12:51:14 GMT

The methods of artificial insemination

Lack of effective methods to restore the natural fertility of man in cases of tubal and tubo-peritoneal infertility has stimulated the development of methods of artificial insemination. Recent years have seen rapid growth as the number of artificial insemination techniques themselves, and of their application. Let us dwell briefly on the possibilities and effectiveness of each of these methods, as well as the indications for their use.

Intrauterine insemination with sperm of her husband and the donor

Intrauterine insemination (ISM) is made in cases where the woman is completely healthy and pipes are passable, but the husband has a reduced fertilizing capacity of sperm, but its performance is such that, after some manipulation, it is sufficient to fertilize the egg after injection directly into the uterus.

In addition, an attempt is made and the ISM with normal rates of sperm, if you have an incompatibility of the couple, associated with negative effects on sperm cervical mucus. Here is the calculation that the costs for IMS "killer" for the sperm factor - the cervical mucus, as sperm are injected directly into the uterine cavity.

In cases where the husband's sperm is very bad, or incompatibility barrier can not be overcome, with the consent of both spouses resort to donor sperm insemination - ISD.

IMS technique and the IUD - the same. In favorable to the day of the cycle of pregnancy, which is installed by ultrasound, RT, the nature of cervical mucus in a woman's uterus is administered pre-treated sperm. Sometimes the attempt to produce 2-3 times during the cycle.

The effectiveness of this procedure is sufficiently large:
when it reaches the ISM 20-40%
with ISD - 50-80%

The maximum number of cycles in which it is advisable to attempt - four.

GIFT and ZIFT Methods

Another type of artificial insemination is a GIFT - the transfer of eggs with sperm in the fallopian tubes.

Its essence is this: a woman taking one or more eggs from her husband's sperm, they are mixed and injected into the fallopian tube. The success of this procedure is the timeliness of the patency of the fallopian tubes, and usefulness. That is, reading the same as that of male infertility or incompatibility of the spouses.

Sometimes resorted to another embodiment of the artificial fertilization - embryo transfer (zygotes) into the fallopian tube, the so-called ZIFT. It is believed that the ZIFTe chance of pregnancy is significantly higher.

GIFT and ZIFT can be performed both at the time of laparoscopy or under ultrasound guidance. In the first case of gametes or zygotes injected into the tube from the peritoneal cavity, the second - through the cervix.

As a rule, GIFT and ZIFT are combined with diagnostic laparoscopy in women with infertility of unknown shape and spend once. Physicians who practice these types of infertility treatment, noted for their high efficiency - up to 30%. However, in our country, GIFT and ZIFT almost never used.

IVF (IVF) - IVF in vitro fertilization

Artificial insemination (fertilization outside the body, ie, under laboratory conditions, or simply in a test tube) includes a sampling of gametes in a woman, fertilized with sperm of the husband or partner, laboratory monitoring of the development of the embryo in the early stages of development and subsequent transfer of embryos (embryos) into the uterine cavity.

Methods of artificial insemination, intrauterine insemination (ISM), in vitro fertilization IVF

INFERTILITY - Stem Cell Therapy

Admin — Mon, 18 Jun 2012 12:14:41 GMT

Cell therapy for female and male infertility

The method of treatment of male and female infertility with stem cells of their own, aimed first and foremost, is to eliminate the cause, that cause this disease. Cell therapy significantly increases the immunity of the person, so if the causes of male and female infertility are transferred inflammatory and infectious diseases, immune disorders, or constant stress, the transplantation of stem cells of their own, in these cases shows excellent results.

As a medical diagnosis of infertility is differentiated only if the pair located in the childbearing age, and not to resort to methods of contraception, as well as having regular sex life, not less than one year, pregnancy does not occur. The cause of infertility can be a variety of disorders of the reproductive system, both women and men, and therefore tested for suspected infertility to both family members.

Diagnose male infertility is much easier and faster than women. For this study carried out such a method as semen. This study of male semen under a microscope, which determines the activity and sperm motility. Violations of the ability of sperm to fertilize the cause of infertility male. The statistics give an accurate picture on which the share of male factor accounts for 40-60% of infertile marriages. The most common causes of infertility in the male half of the population are a variety of infectious diseases that are transmitted directly through sex, as well as a variety of inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system, including chronic prostatitis. Anomalies and defects in the development of the urogenital system, and various vascular diseases such as varicocele, atherosclerosis. Serious infectious disease that can affect the reproductive function - pneumonia, tuberculosis, malaria, typhoid fever. A variety of genital trauma and the negative impact of the environment - radioactive radiation, manganese, phosphorus, mercury, lead and other harmful chemical compounds with organic and inorganic nature. Alcohol and smoking, as well as other bad habits, can also be causes of male infertility. A variety of diseases of the endocrine system, constant overheating of the body, especially the pelvis, long-term use of various drugs, especially cytostatics, antibiotics, anabolic steroids, hormones, and sulfonamides. As well as immune disorders, unbalanced, unhealthy diet, excessive exercise, and regular, systematic stress.

In most cases, infertility is caused not by one way or pathological factor, and a set of several.

The man who eats right, leads a healthy and active lifestyle and has no anatomical congenital or acquired abnormalities in the case of injury of the reproductive system does not suffer from diseases of the prostate, and urogenital infections, has a fairly high chance of becoming a father.

The main factor for infertility in women, to date, there are various infectious diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, abortions are carried out professionally, surgery in the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs. For most women, there is a set of negative factors that cause infertility. For other causes of infertility in women are different disturbances in the process of oocyte maturation, polycystic ovaries, tubes and adhesions as a result of tubal infertility, changes in the cervix and the uterus itself, endometriosis, a variety of malformations and defects of tubes, ovaries or uterus. And also some of the genetic causes and violations of the immune system.

Sometimes the health of men and women shows no abnormalities, but the pregnancy does not occur anyway. Then it comes to immunological incompatibility between the couple. Whatever it may sound strange, but in 30% of infertile marriages, it is to blame for this kind of allergy to seminal fluid of any particular man. Moreover, this allergy can be both a woman and a man to grow their own seed. The reason for this factor are antisperm antibodies, a high number of which just inhibits the function of fertilization, and may be formed in the body, both men and women. Antisperm antibodies can not only hinder the process of conception, but also have a negative impact on pregnancy and induce miscarriages, late fetal development, pregnancy toxemia.

In recent years, medical advances have reached unprecedented heights only, and such as infertility diagnosis, which was previously just a sentence, today it is avoidable. Procedures for reproductive medicine and technology make the treatment of infertility quite diverse. The specific technique is developed based on the patient's diagnosis and the method he chooses for himself the most comfortable. All current methods of infertility treatment, we can confidently distinguish between the two groups, which are equally effective may be called. The first group of methods is used to make pregnancy possible in a natural way, while the second group of methods - aimed at supporting the use of reproductive technologies like IVF, intrauterine insemination, ICSI, ZIFT / GIFT, artificial fertilization, hatching, surrogacy.

The most effective treatment for infertility, both male and female, is by far the cell, regenerative therapy. The use of stem cells in the treatment of male infertility associated with chronic inflammation of the prostate, leading to a marked resorption of various adhesive processes. This is a phenomenon in its own unique ability of stem cells in the prostate gland to recreate a new network of blood vessels healthy. This allows us to fully restore the function of receptors that are located in vascular walls of the ducts and the prostate, and thus terminate in prostate congestion in the tissues. The result of treatment with stem cells own male infertility is a significant improvement in semen and recovery of all functions of the endocrine system.

Thanks to stem cell therapy, the result of treatment of female infertility is a significant improvement in the nervous and endocrine systems. As well as the elimination of adhesive processes in the reproductive organs and restore fertility. Ovarian function is activated significantly, and lining of the uterus is completely normal and restores their function. Also, the use of cell therapy is quite important in preparing a woman to have IVF, significantly reducing the percentage of any complications.

Cell therapy for female and male infertility, diagnosis of infertility, Effective methods of infertility treatment, stem cells, pregnancy, barren marriage, male and female infertility

Neurological disorders and diseases

Admin — Thu, 01 Mar 2012 14:37:09 GMT

Neurological disorders and diseases

Neurology (from the Greek neuron - nerve, logos - teaching science). The amount of discipline, which is the object of the nervous system in health and disease. Neuroscience includes the relevant sections of the descriptive and comparative anatomy, embryology, histology, biochemistry, normal and pathological comparative physiology, clinical neuropathology, neurogenetics, etc. neyrogigienu often use this term instead of "neuropathology," although these concepts are not equivalent - the first is much wider.

Neurological disorders impose an enormous burden on patients, their families and society. With increasing life expectancy more and more people are likely to become victims of stroke, dementia and other diseases of the brain, which leads to enormous costs of health care in the world. It is important that modern medicine is beginning to understand the brain basis of behavior and to recognize mental illness as brain, not in the mental disorders. Meningitis, a disease Kreyntsfeldt-Jakob disease, multiple sclerosis and brain diseases recognized mental disorders, just as serious as AIDS or cancer.

Modern diagnostic methods in neuroscience (ultrasound, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging, advanced laboratory techniques) can detect diseases of the nervous system in the early stages, and to carry out their effective prevention and treatment.

Neurological disorders, diseases, Modern diagnostic, neurology, neuropathology

Alzheimer disease

Admin — Thu, 01 Mar 2012 14:36:16 GMT

Alzheimer disease

Alzheimer's disease (presenile dementia, presenile dementia) - a genetic disease that develops in the second half of life, most often in women. Clinical manifestations of it are as numerous and progressive neurological disorders. They arise as a result of pathological changes in the cerebral cortex, predominantly in the temporal and parietal lobes. The so-called cortical atrophy in this disease leads to disruption of the exchange of acetylcholine, an important mediator responsible for the transmission of impulses in the nervous system.

Gradual onset, inconspicuous. Usually, neither the patients nor their relatives can not precisely define the period of illness onset. Most often, initially as a short-term memory disorders: the patient forgets to put the glasses, turned off a light, take a meal. The worsening of the defect leads to a decrease in memory, forgetting the names of loved ones, their appearance, names of objects and words. Along with memory disorders are beginning to make progress speech disorders: patients with difficulty finding the right words, hardly perceive the meaning of reading. The patient's behavior becomes stereotyped, stereotypic, indifferent. At the same time can be kept long enough skills that are developed over the years. Because of this, patients may be kept for some time at work, in spite of the considerable development of symptoms.

In the later stages of the disease - in a few years, joining a mood disorder. Thus, there is its instability, irritability, anger, emotional arousal episodes alternating with apathy and indifference. Perhaps the appearance of epileptic seizures, as well as delusions and hallucinations. Delusions and hallucinations are the so-called "small scale", ie reflect the real everyday situations - old quarrels with neighbors, the usual conflicts in the subway or a pharmacy, political events in the news on television or in newspapers that patients interpret in terms of intentional infliction of harm. In the later stages of the disease might upset drives - engorgement and hyper - which is often erroneously regarded as relatives of the patient are not symptoms of the disease, but as a manifestation of previously inherent in his character traits.

Alzheimer's disease belongs to a group of nervous and mental disease, and older Clinical manifestations of it are often combined or very similar to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease or Pick's disease. However, this disease has a specific treatment, which should begin as soon as possible. Early adequate therapy can prevent or significantly delay the development of symptoms and allow the patient for a long time to function normally, without nursing care and supervision. It is no secret that such patients, the development of dementia and severe memory disorders, are in full charge of others.

In recent years, in the treatment and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease undergoing big changes in terms of creating new drugs and the development of systems of rehabilitation.
First is necessary to avoid prolonged hospitalization of these patients, but on the contrary - to attach them to a feasible operation. This contributes to a more long-term preservation of social skills and work, and slow the disease.

Second, the major groups of drugs in the treatment of psychiatric drugs are to the action of acetylcholine on the exchange - antipsychotics, tranquilizers, antidepressants, as well as drugs with an activating effect on memory and emotion.

Wilsons disease

Admin — Thu, 01 Mar 2012 14:34:42 GMT

Wilsons disease

Wilson's disease is characterized by lesions of the liver and nervous system - in the form of progressive liver cirrhosis and neurological symptoms. The disease is genetically determined, based on clinical signs is a violation of copper metabolism in the body. Normally, the bulk of copper after absorption in the intestine is excreted in the bile and urine.

In Wilson's disease increases the output of copper through the kidneys and therefore decreases its content in the blood. This leads to disruption of the blood exchange oxygen, since copper is part of the blood of specific enzymes responsible for the gas exchange of the body. As a result, due to metabolic disorders of copper, it is accumulated in the liver, kidney, cornea of the eye and brain. In liver cirrhosis because of this - "shrinkage" of liver tissue and proliferation of fibrous tissue, which leads to a violation of the cleaning function of the liver, and this in turn - to the accumulation of toxins in the body. Thus, even in childhood often have episodes of jaundice, revealed enlargement of the liver and spleen. Symptoms of liver disease, the earliest, at a time when neurological symptoms appear only after 20-30 years.

The accumulation of copper in the kidneys followed by the development of glomerulonephritis and neuritis - that is, lesion of renal glomeruli and tubules, and this leads to disruption of ion filtration and protein, and their increased excretion in the urine from the body. The accumulation of copper in the cornea of the eye does not cause blurred vision or movement of the eyeball, but leads to the appearance of specific diagnostic symptom of the disease - yellow circles on the iris, which are visible to the naked eye.

The accumulation of copper in the brain, along with his intoxication due to the slag cleaning impaired liver and kidney function leads to the development of a number of neuropsychiatric symptoms.

The initial manifestations of Wilson's disease may be difficulties in carrying out small-scale movements, slurring of speech. There is shaking hands and head at rest and during stress. There is muscle stiffness, lack of arbitrariness in the movements. Course of disease progression, with episodes of exacerbations and remissions. Frequent death observed in the form of liver disease in children.

In the treatment of Wilson's disease using drugs, normalizing the exchange of copper. Assign them to a strictly individual and depends on the degree of disease activity, and increasing doses under the supervision of the copper concentration in serum. Because these drugs have strong side effects, both prescribed vitamins or bracing means. Patients are encouraged to diet, eliminating foods high in copper (mushrooms, cocoa, chocolate, liver, fish).

Picks disease

Admin — Thu, 01 Mar 2012 14:32:20 GMT

Picks disease

Pick's disease belongs to atrophic disease of the cerebral cortex, ie respectively, shows atrophy, or withering away, of neurons. Disease develops more frequently in women after age 50. The reason for its occurrence is not clear. However, it is known that changes in the brain when it is sometimes similar to those in Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, there is speculation about the genetic transmission of the disease.

Changes in brain tissue with Pick's disease is reduced to an excessive thinning of the cortex, so that the brain is like a picture of "the dried kernel of a walnut." The clinical symptoms are very similar to some other diseases of old age, but careful observation of the order of their development and change one another avoid diagnostic errors. It should be noted that Pick's disease is now virtually no treatment, while in Alzheimer's disease with early treatment can make the suspension progressive disorders.

Therefore, a need for accurate diagnosis of each disease, despite the similarity of their symptoms. For example, if both conditions is violated it in the form of dissociation, inability to correctly pronounce the word mix-up order of syllables in words, "dissociation" and chants of speech. Pick's disease, however, these violations are less pronounced, and personality changes are the primary type of apathy, reluctance to do anything, loss of interest in everything, the loss of spontaneity in the reactions, speech and behavior. These disorders Pick's disease combined with increased distractibility to any external stimuli, inability to concentrate on anything. In addition, more than for Alzheimer's disease, characterized by disinhibition of instincts - morbidly increased appetite up to gluttony, hypersexual behavior. Frustration drives often occur against a background of inadequate high spirits, which can cause an impression of moral and ethical depravity of man. Another distinction from Alzheimer's disease is a more recent occurrence of memory impairment in the form of forgetting the names of objects, names and appearance of familiar people and relatives. Course of the disease a gradual but more progressive than in Alzheimer's disease.

Treatment of Pick's disease is mainly symptomatic, ie directed not to cause disorder, since it is not known, and to relieve some symptoms. For example, if excessive anxiety, irritability or apathy prescribe the appropriate psychotropic medications - with calming or stimulating effect.

Raynauds disease - Treatment

Admin — Thu, 01 Mar 2012 14:31:20 GMT

Raynauds disease - Treatment

Raynaud's disease refers to a group of trophic disorders of small blood vessels. At the heart of its occurrence is the sudden vascular spasm in the peripheral parts of the body - most commonly the hands. In the classical form of Raynaud's syndrome has been described as an attack consisting of three phases:

blanching and cooling of the fingers, accompanied by pains in them
accession marked cyanosis and increased pain
the appearance of a bright red color of the skin and a gradual decrease in pain.

Duration of attack for several minutes. These disorders have been well described for other peripheral, protruding parts of the body - the feet, nose, ears. All this, too, Raynaud's syndrome.

For Raynaud's disease is characterized by symmetrical lesions feet, at the hands of the disease may appear at first with one hand. Attacks of blanching and cyanosis often develop under the influence of cooling or emotional stress, at least - for no apparent reason.

Course of disease progression, but life is not dangerous: pathological disorders affect only the small vessels of the skin and internal organs and large vessels are not damaged. As a result of frequent vascular spasm on the protruding parts of the body breaks down food tissues, honor leads to frequent complications of inflammatory skin can easily occur and slow to heal injuries and cuts. In severe cases, possibly even death, and rejection of the terminal phalanges with the development of gross deformation of the hands.

Along with Raynaud's disease as a separate disease, was isolated Raynaud's syndrome, occurring against the backdrop of other diseases. Thus, the syndrome often occurs against a background of connective tissue diseases, especially scleroderma. The role of occupational diseases in its development: vibration disease, intoxication by various chemicals. With Raynaud's syndrome can occur, some diseases of the spine, as well as diseases of CNS (syringomyelia, stroke). Syndrome, in contrast to the Raynaud's disease, often one-sided.

Differentiate as a syndrome, and Raynaud's disease often have other peripheral vascular diseases, such as rodonalgia. When the disease is not narrowing, but rather the expansion of blood vessels of the hands, so the pain is accompanied by a reddening of the skin. However, as with Raynaud's disease, may develop in the rodonalgia trophic and inflammatory disorders in the affected areas.

Treatment of Raynaud's disease is to eliminate the factors that provoke an attack - cold, humidity, and emotional overload. At the same time prescribe drugs that improve peripheral circulation and prevent vasoconstriction.