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Diabetes mellitus: neurological manifestations
Diabetes mellitus: neurological manifestations
The major complications of diabetes include diabetic neuropathy. The frequency of their occurrence increases with age of the patient and the duration of the disease. For example, if the duration of diabetes exceeding 20 years, neuropathy have been reported in 50-80% of patients. The main reason for their occurrence is considered elevated glucose to body tissues, which leads to a peculiar change in nerve membranes and vascular walls. Thus violated both the primary conduct of nerve impulses, and the power of nerve trunks, which exacerbates the neurological pathology.
Diabetic neuropathy is extremely diverse in the clinic - they can affect various organs, to be symmetric or unilateral. The most common clinical symptoms appear gradually in the form of a symmetric lesion sensitivity of the skin and muscles of the feet. There are pain and a feeling of "chills" and numbness of the skin down, the intensity of pain can be different - from dull or burning, tearing up strong. The pain often subsides after walking on the floor that sets it apart from the pain that occurs only in the defeat of vessels leg (eg, thromboangiitis). In the future, there are similar violations of the hands. Sensory disturbances are distributed according to the type "socks" and "glove", but often as a violation of the sensitivity and the pain comes on his feet to the inguinal folds or goes on the trunk. There may be weakness of the muscles of the thighs and pelvic girdle, which is combined with aching in the affected muscles. Disturbed gait of the patient, it becomes impossible to move over long distances.
In addition to the progressive disorders of nerve function in diabetes possibly drastic loss of sensitivity and muscle movements. This occurs when large infarctions of the nerves due to vascular disorders. The most common way affects the large nerves of the legs. The disease begins acutely and progresses over several hours or days: there are intense pain in the thigh or leg, their weakness and atrophy. Recovery of function occurs in only recommend it for six months, however, possible residual effects in the form of muscle weakness and lethargy movements.
Next in frequency of neurological complications of diabetes is neuropathy, nerve eyes possible acute loss of motor function of the eyeball. Gaze is fixed, and the vision preserved. This lesion may be unilateral, and that is especially true for diabetes, can just as suddenly disappear in a few months after the occurrence.
Treatment of neurological complications of diabetes is directly related to treatment of the underlying disease. Particularly important is the control of normal blood glucose concentration, because, as the normalization of the exchange of sugar, may reverse the development of many neurological complications. Of the funds can be temporarily assigned to note analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs.
