The most common diseases that shows a bone marrow transplant, are severe aplastic anemia, acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Autologous transplant - a bone marrow transplant, in which the bone marrow is taken directly from the patient in remission. Allogeneic transplantation, in which the bone marrow transplant between compatible donor-recipient pairs.
At the time of transplantation in a patient should not be infectious diseases.
Technically, the workpiece is carried out as follows: bone marrow is taken under general anesthesia from the wing of the ilium, and sternum with a few punctures. The total number of diverted material is about 800 ml. He was passed through a filter to remove clots and bone fragments and placed in sterile bags with the addition of heparin. For transplantation is used primarily svezhezagotovlenny donor bone marrow.
Before bone marrow transplantation the patient for 4-8 days hold special events aimed at the destruction of the tumor and a radical suppression of immunity, which would avoid graft rejection after bone marrow transplantation. For this purpose, appointed by the chemotherapy and total exposure. During the exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, complete loss of hair. These changes are reversible in time from 3 weeks to 4 months. In parallel, supportive treatment aimed at the prevention of nausea and vomiting, as well as the prevention of acute effects of high doses of chemotherapy, such as an increase or decrease in blood pressure, seizures, fever, renal and cardiovascular failure.
Just a bone marrow transplant looks like a blood transfusion. During the procedure, carried out surveillance monitor vital functions.
Within 72 hours after infusion of bone marrow neutrophil count in the blood is usually reduced to zero. This requires the complete destruction of bacteria and fungal spores from the environment. Therefore, special measures are needed, such as the supply of sterile air and water and ensure maximum sterility of equipment.
The process of restoring the normal cellular composition of red and white blood begins a few weeks after bone marrow transplantation. The state of immune deficiency, however, retained for one year.
Applying advances and tools of modern medicine and pharmacy, you can save lives and give a chance for tomorrow, many in need of bone marrow transplantation patients.
