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Thursday, 28.03.2024, 12:58
Main » Mammology » Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast 
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Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast


Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast

Magnetic resonance imaging is a method of study using a powerful magnetic field. At the same mammary glands irradiated with electromagnetic waves in a strong magnetic field. The principle of the method lies in the fact that this electromagnetic energy is released, which is then secured with the help of sensors and subjected to computer processing.


For a time there was a term of NMR tomography (nuclear magnetic imaging), which was replaced by the term "MRI" in 1986 in connection with the development of the people after the Chernobyl accident radiophobia. The new term has disappeared reference to "nuclear" origin of the method, which allowed him easy enough to log in everyday medical practice, but is sometimes used, and the original name of the method.

Before the MRI the doctor finds out whether the body of the patient of any metal objects, such as artificial cardiac pacemakers, artificial joints, metal. In this method of MRI patients is contraindicated. In addition, immediately before the procedure, the study women should take off all metal objects - jewelry, clothing with metal buttons, etc.

MRI performed in a special narrow cylindrical chamber. Some patients may suffer as a result of claustrophobia, being in a closed confined space. Therefore, if necessary, give them a sedative.

The operating principle of magnetic resonance imaging. The patient is placed in a strong magnetic field and exposed to electromagnetic radiation. The resulting electromagnetic energy is processed by a computer. This allows the milk fabric layers with different positions and angles. The magnetic field in the tissues of the particle knocks atoms - protons, which are then accelerated by electromagnetic radiation and produce the signals. These signals are received by sensors and then subjected to computer processing. This results in a very clear picture that allows you to view the details.

However, the method has the IRI and its shortcomings. First of all - it is the high cost of this method of diagnosis. Not all medical centers (even large ones) have equipment for this study. In addition, it is often found on the MRI findings unclear. MRI also can detect calcifications. In addition, a powerful magnetic field and electromagnetic radiation is used in MRI can damage a machine, an artificial pacemaker. Therefore, MRI can not serve as a screening method of diagnosis.

The positive qualities of magnetic resonance imaging

MRI reveals palpable tumor in women, when it is not detected on mammography or ultrasound.

MRI can detect pathological changes in the case of a high density of breast tissue.

MRI allows for screening young women at high risk of developing breast cancer due to family history or the presence of an abnormal gene.


Advantages of magnetic resonance imaging

Sometimes a successful MRI reveals the tumor in women with enlarged axillary lymph nodes when the doctor can feel a tumor in the thickness of the breast, or it is not visible on mammography. In such cases, when a mastectomy is usually recommended, MRI can identify with precision the location of the tumor in the breast. This allows you to avoid removing the entire prostate and confine lumpectomy (removal of the tumor) followed by radiotherapy.

MRI helps to determine which area is limited to cancer, its prevalence in the surrounding area. This affects the choice of tactics of surgical treatment, since the incidence of multicentric tumors and recommended a mastectomy. This is especially true for patients with invasive lobular carcinoma, as a form of cancer often has a tendency to spread.

MRI helps in the assessment of scar tissue in the interior of the mammary glands, which allows to control the area where the lumpectomy was performed in the presence of early relapse.

MRI can detect leakage of silicone breast implants, as this method of investigation makes it easy to distinguish between silicone gel from the normal surrounding tissue.

In the case of metastatic breast MRI helps to explore other areas of the body the patient for the presence of metastases, and changes in the organs. For example, if in this case, the patient began to mark the back pain, weakness of hands and feet, which is a possible sign of cancer metastasis to the spinal cord, spinal MRI performed.



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