Can be broken down as a condyle and both of them. Fractures are offset and without offset. The mechanism of injury is most often a straight line - a fall from a height on the straightened leg with deviation to the right or the left leg and drop to one knee. The patient complains of pain and swelling of the tissues in the fracture.
In the knee joint in fractures of the condyles poured blood - hemarthrosis. If the internal condyle is broken - shin deflected medially. At the turn of the outer condyle of the tibia tibia is rotated outwards. On examination, the knee joint increased in size. Movement of the knee is limited and painful. The final diagnosis is established by X-ray images.
Treatment of fractures of the tibial condyles. Performed anesthesia the fracture. With a large number of blood streamed into the knee joint, conduct joint puncture and remove the blood. If the offset X-ray examination is found, superimposed plaster cast from the top third of the thigh to the ankles. The knee joint is thus in a position of flexion.
The duration of immobilization of up to one month. The patient must walk with crutches on the second day after application of gypsum. After removing the plaster cast is appointed by physiotherapy and therapeutic exercise. Full load on the leg can be no earlier than 2 months after injury.
Upon detection of displacement of bone fragments they compare (reduction). The physician assistant with special methods to manually assigns fragments. Then, after comparing the fragments, applied plaster cast for 6-7 weeks. In this case, the load on the injured leg allowed no earlier than 3 months. If you compare the fragments can not be applied skeletal traction. Shin while placed on a special bus through the calcaneus performed needle, which carries a weight of 5 to 12 kg. Then, the load gradually. Terms of skeletal traction to two months. Then assigned to exercise therapy and physiotherapy.
Applied and transosseous osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov fixator. Especially with comminuted fractures. The advantage of this method - the ability to start in the early stages of motion in the knee joint. Knitting with transosseous osteosynthesis performed through the femoral bone and the lower third of the tibia. Terms of bone fusion using the Ilizarov fixator from 1.5 to 2 months. Full load on the leg can be in 3.5 months. In complex fractures of the tibial condyles resort to surgical treatment. Bone fragments are fixed with screws or plates. Use a combination of treatments.
Fracture of the tibial tuberosity
Tuberosity of the tibia is the bony protrusion on the anterior surface of the upper part of the tibia. It is attached to the tendon of the quadriceps muscle. Another part of the quadriceps tendon is attached to the condyle of the tibia. With a sharp and strong reduction of the muscle may occur separation tuberosity of the tibia. This fracture is most common in young people due to the incomplete fusion of the tuberosity of the tibia bone.
Patients complain of pain in the tuberosity of the tibia. Bending the leg can be saved at the expense portion of tendon, which attaches to the condyle of the tibia. When probing is determined by pain in the tuberosity of the tibia, it is possible deformation of the tibia in this area. To clarify the diagnosis is carried out X-ray examination. Performing a snapshot of the lateral tibia.
Treatment of fracture of the tibial tuberosity. If the shift is not revealed, and the function preserved folding legs for shin plaster cast is applied from the upper third of the femur to the ankle for a period of about one month. If there was a displaced fracture, tuberosity of the tibia is fixed to the bone screw, and the quadriceps tendon stitched. Full load on the tibia can be 6-7 months.
Fracture of the head and neck of the fibula
This type of fracture is rare and often accompanied by other fractures in the knee joint. This damage is manifested by pain in the area of the fracture. Function leg with almost no breaks. However, fractures of the upper fibula, complications may occur in the form of damage to the peroneal nerve, the external lateral ligament and the anterior tibial artery.
Treatment of fractures of the head and neck of the fibula conservative. Complications from the vessels and nerves may require surgical intervention.
