Vitreous cavity occupies most of the eyeball, 5 / 6 total. It is a clear studneobraznaya weight, live a gel containing 98% water. Vitreous maintains the shape and tone of the eyeball, and also participates in the breaking of light rays. Until now, the vitreous remains the least understood part of the eyeball.
Disorders of vitreous body are important for visual function. Only the loss of one third of the vitreous leads to atrophy of the eyeball. When violations of the function of the vitreous occurs:
retinal disinsertion
chorioretinal dystrophy
clouding of the lens.
Violation of transparency, the tone of the volume of the vitreous leads to loss of vision.
Among the diseases of the vitreous body are distinguished:
congenital anomalies
dystrophy
traumatic injuries.
Congenital anomalies of the vitreous body.
The primary hyperplastic vitreous. In this congenital abnormality is a delay of reverse development of embryonic tissues and embryonic blood vessels. During the prenatal period through the vitreous body are vessels (gialinoidnaya artery and its branches), which at the time of birth are back development. In some cases, for whatever reason, remain in the vitreous membrane, which may take the form of thin strands or solid film. The process is always one-sided. Usually these bands are directed away from the optic disc into the interior of the vitreous body.
On examination of the child has a whitish glow of the pupil. This condition may be associated with shrinkage of the eyeball, strabismus. The lens is always reduced in size. For the lens are strand, which is called a mooring. Mooring vessels and usually riddled with soldered ciliary body processes. In the further course of the process, the lens gradually becomes cloudy and swollen, sometimes increasing to such an extent that reaches the cornea. The cornea becomes cloudy at the same time. Developing glaucoma, in the end of the function is lost.
Treatment of primary hyperplastic vitreous. Early diagnosis is very important this malformation because the time spent removing the lens and excision of a mooring, can save vision.
The remains of hyaloid artery. This anomaly arises because of the disruption of reverse development of hyaloid artery in the embryonic period. In the vitreous body can be seen strand (hawser), which runs from the optic disc to the lens. Most often found the remains of the artery is not in its entirety, and in the anterior or posterior regions. In this case, the artery has the form of a corkscrew or a rope, the end which floats freely in the vitreous body.
Typically, the remnants of hyaloid artery are young people, with age, this artery is resolved. Very rarely remains hyaloid artery can be wrapped in a layer of connective tissue and can significantly interfere with vision.
Oculo cerebral acoustic syndrome. Oculo cerebral acousticsyndrome or disease Norrie is a congenital anomaly of development, characterized by combined lesions of the organs of sight, hearing and mental retardation. Always suffer from both eyes. For the lens is a tumor mass, there is a congenital retinal detachment. Gradually there is aseptic (without the presence of microbial flora), uveitis with bleeding into the vitreous, the lens becomes cloudy, cataract.
With the passage of time is atrophy of the eyeball, corneal clouding. Vision is absent. The disease is accompanied by mental retardation and progressive hearing loss.
Degenerative diseases of the vitreous body.
Most diseases of the vitreous body does not arise independently, and is developing a number of diseases due to exposure to underlying structures of the eye. Inflammatory diseases of the choroid, retina, hemorrhages have an impact on the biochemical composition of the vitreous body. Colloidal structure of the vitreous body is broken and it appears cloudy various sizes and shapes. Turbidity may be filamentous or granular form.
Sometimes there is a destruction of the vitreous with crystalline inclusions. The most serious degenerative processes are detachment and shrinkage of the vitreous body. At the same time greatly disturbed function of vision.
Sometimes there is a loss of vitreous parasite. This is usually pork tapeworm Finn, who entered into the vitreous body through the bloodstream from the stomach. Looks like a parasite kistovidnoe education.
Treatment operative. The operation is performed in rather quick time, as long finding the parasite in the vitreous body can result in significant loss of vision.
