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Complications of gallbladder disease for obesity
Complications of gallbladder disease for obesity
Obesity is a major risk factor for gallbladder disease, especially in women. The risk of gallstones increases with increasing body mass index (BMI). These studies Nurses Health Study showed that women who are obese (BMI> 30 kg/m2) have twice the risk (and the women with severe obesity and a BMI> 45 kg/m2 - 7 times greater risk) the occurrence of gallstones compared with lean women (BMI <24 kg/m2). The annual incidence of 1% among women with a BMI> 30 kg/m2 and 2% among women with a BMI> 45 kg/m2.
Men who are obese, the risk of developing gallstones are lower than in women. The probability of formation of gallstones increases and weight loss due to the increased concentration of cholesterol in the bile, the formation of cholesterol crystals and a decrease of contractile function of the gallbladder. The formation of "new" stones occurs in about 25-35% of obese people who lose weight quickly through the use of low-fat or very low calorie diet, as well as surgery on the stomach.
The risk of gallstones increases when the rate of weight loss is 1.5 kg (~ 1.5% of body weight) per week. The fat content of food also affects the formation of gallstones. Thus, intake of 4 g fat little incentive for emptying of the gall bladder, while the intake of 10 g of fat contributes to its maximal contractile activity. It was found that an increase in fat intake with very low calorie diet (<600 kcal per day) prevents the formation of stones.
The risk of stone formation in the diet is much lower (0-17%) in those patients who follow a low calorie, and not very low calorie and low-fat, diet (> 800 kcal per day), which contains 15-30 grams of fat per day. To reduce the risk of gallstones does not necessarily increase the fat content in foods in the diet. The risk of stone formation, as when using very low calorie diet, and after surgery can be significantly reduced by adding acid to the treatment of ursodezoksiholievuyu. Appointment ursodezoksiholievoy acid at a dose of 600 mg per day provides the best prevention of the formation of gallstones in patients who wish to achieve rapid weight loss.
While it would be logical to assume that obese patients have a higher risk of pancreatitis due to the presence of gallstones, the study of this issue was devoted to only a small number of studies. However, statistically established that pancreatitis of any origin in obese patients have worse prognosis than patients with normal weight. A large number of studies have shown that in patients with overweight or obese, high risk of local and general complications of pancreatitis. Increased risk of developing the most severe stage of the disease - pancreatic.
