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Asthma in children, Causes of asthma Allergens
Asthma in children
Asthma is one of the most common diseases in children. This disease currently affects 5 to 10% of the children and each year this figure increases. A major concern is the growth and mortality of asthma and the number of admissions to pediatric institutions.
The diagnosis of 'asthma' doctors determined on the basis of typical attacks of breathlessness. Sometimes pose such a diagnosis even when the presence of the child's long dry paroxysmal cough, which is worse at night or on waking.
Asthma in children - a chronic disease, which is based on allergic airway inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity. During bouts of the disease arise periodically difficulty breathing or suffocation due to bronchospasm, hypersecretion of mucus and swelling of the mucous membrane of the bronchi. Bonhialnaya asthma begins in early childhood are most likely to have a hereditary origin. Typically, it occurs in children in a family where there are patients with allergic diseases.
It is now well known that the onset of asthma in most children associated with exposure to various allergens, among which is the most common house dust (70%).
House dust is a complex mixture containing cotton fibers, cellulose, animal hair, mold spores, and mites are invisible to the naked eye. Favorite food mites - scales, which are exfoliated from the human skin and are collected in mattresses, carpets and upholstered furniture, bedding, soft toys.
The optimal conditions for their reproduction is a warm humid climate. At a temperature of 10 ° C and 50% humidity mites are killed. But the dead house dust mite does not lose its allergenicity, since the particles of the body have expressed allergenic activity. In patients sensitive to house dust mites, asthma attacks occur most often either at night or early morning. The appearance of symptoms is possible with zastilanii bed, because the concentration of dust mites in the air is significantly increased.
Allergens, which may be the cause of asthma can be fur, dander, saliva of various animals (cats, dogs, guinea pigs, hamsters and other rodents). Cat allergen is contained in the saliva, dander and fur of these animals are the most powerful of all allergens and offers exceptional stability and ability to penetrate deeply into the lungs. He has long maintained in the environment, even after a cat is removed from the home. A similar resistance of the allergens, and allergens peculiar to dogs (of wool, dander and saliva). Persistence of allergen persists for months, even after removing the dog from the house.
Common causes of asthma attacks are also horse dandruff, dry food for aquarium fish, and insects, especially cockroaches. The cause of asthma attacks in children with asthma can be and pollen of flowering plants (30-40% of children). In many plants the pollen is so light that spreads through the air and easily gets into the respiratory tract. The peak incidence of central child usually falls on April-May and is associated with the pollen of trees - birch, alder, hazel, maple, ash, chestnut, willow, poplar, etc. If the symptoms of asthma occur in June and August, they reason is the pollen of grasses - timothy, fescue, ryegrass, orchard grass, bluegrass. Weed Science (quinoa, ragweed, mugwort, dandelion, nettle) cause asthma symptoms in the summer-autumn period. The range of pollen allergens and flowering periods vary depending on the climatic and geographical zones.
A number of children may induce asthma medications such as antibiotics, especially penicillin and makrolity, sulfonamides, vitamins, aspirin. At the same time contact with the medicinal substances is possible not only for their reception, but also when children stay close to the pharmaceutical industry.
A major cause of asthma may be mold spores in the air, air conditioners, as well as in damp dark rooms (basements, garages, bathrooms, showers). In the winter when the ground is frozen or covered with snow, mold on the street is no longer a problem for children with asthma. Molds begin to multiply rapidly in the air since early May, peaking in July or August and can cause symptoms until the first frost. Molds are present in many foods (aged cheese, beer, pickled vegetables, yogurt, champagne, fruits, articles of dough, brew stale bread).
Celebrated in recent years, increases in the incidence of bronchial asthma is associated largely with environmental pollution, especially air quality, chemicals, usually at the expense of the industrial (complex particles of sulfur dioxide) and photochemical smog (ozone, nitrogen oxides).
Adverse effect on children with asthma has air pollution residential chemical compounds. New building technologies: the use of modern materials, lack of natural ventilation, and others significantly changed the quality of air inside the premises and increased its negative effect on the respiratory system.
In addition to these factors, exacerbation of asthma in children can cause physical stress, emotional stress, crying, laughing, drastic climate change, the sharp smell of paints, deodorants, perfumes and tobacco smoke. If you smoke in the home, the attacks of difficulty breathing can develop in a child already in the age of one month.
The causes of asthma attacks in children are, and viral infections. Respiratory viruses damage the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and increase its permeability to allergens, toxic substances, increasing bronchial hyperreactivity. The tendency to frequent acute respiratory infections can trigger asthma symptoms in children.
Thus, bronchial asthma - a disease whose development is closely linked to the influence of genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, for successful treatment of bronchial asthma in children, especially to find out the causes of disease.
