Treatment of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus and complex includes medication, monitoring blood glucose at a certain level, control of lipid levels and blood pressure, and diet.
Diet - One of the most important stages of treatment for patients with diabetes. It should strictly abide by the diet of your diet, that envy of the type of diabetes. Thus, the first type of diabetes do not need such a strict diet and mealtimes. The main time to make injection of insulin based on blood glucose levels. In diabetes the second type, which is very often associated with obesity, it is important to diet and time of your next meal. This is due to the fact that with this type of diabetes, insulin deficiency is not observed in the blood, and reduced sensitivity to it, so with this type of insulin is not used, and uses special drugs.
Elevated blood pressure is controlled by drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme betablokatory, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. With an increased level of cholesterol in the blood are appointed by the statin (lovastatin). To reduce the viscosity of the blood and improve microcirculation, which is often required for patients with diabetes, are appointed by the so-called Antiplatelet, that is, drugs that reduce platelet adhesive. This is for example, aspirin, or Plavix.
Treatment of retinopathy
Currently, treatment of this vascular pathology applied laser technology. Surgeon using a laser cauterizes the abnormal blood vessels in the retina. Treatment of peripheral arterial disease
Peripheral arterial disease in diabetes lead to a state as "diabetic foot". This term refers to tissue damage of the foot (soft tissues, joints and bones) due to microvascular pathology and major peripheral arteries of the lower extremities. Appear on the foot ulcers, which are difficult to treat. Ultimately, tissue necrosis - gangrene - lead to amputation of the foot or the entire foot. Treatment of this complication as well as treatment of other vascular diseases, is complex. It is primarily in the normalization of blood glucose. Without this critical moment no other treatment is not effective. The next step - daily dressing and antibiotics. With antibiotics the doctor about the study - crop microflora on the sensitivity. By using this method is determined by the most powerful antibiotics in relation to the microbes are in the wound. Be sure to include treatment of diabetic foot drugs that improve blood circulation - aspirin, Plavix, and others.
Treatment of diabetic foot - one of the most important aspects of modern diabetology. In large cities there are even specialized podiatricheskie rooms, it is involved in the treatment of diabetic foot. This confirms the significance of this complication.
In the treatment of vascular disease in diabetes but used conservative measures and surgical methods for restoring blood flow. these include methods such as angioplasty with stenting and bypass surgery.
Bypass surgery is the surgeon creates a bypass a narrowed section of artery shunt. As the shunt can be used (usually) part of the great saphenous vein thigh, or artificially created tube. Shunt at one end stitched to the site of narrowing the artery above and the other - to the place below the narrowing of the artery.
In addition to bypass surgery is also used endarterectomy. This method of operation is that the surgeon cuts through the artery and then removes atherosclerotic plaque along the inner wall of the artery. As a result, the artery becomes wider and the blood flow is restored.
Angioplasty - a modern method of treating diseases of the arteries. It lies in the fact that through access in the inguinal folds into the femoral artery catheter with inflated balloon on the end. The catheter is fed through a wire to the site of narrowing of the artery. This whole process is controlled by the monitor. Further balloon catheter is inflated and the artery expands. Blood flow in the vessel is restored. More often than angioplasty combined with stenting. At the same time with another catheter inserted in the femoral artery, after a previous catheter is removed, the stent is introduced - a wire structure that serves as scaffold for the artery. The stent is usually left in the vessel permanently. Prevention of vascular complications in diabetes mellitus.
Prevention of vascular complications in diabetes is primarily in the most appropriate treatment of diabetes. Recall that the vascular complications occur as a consequence of increased blood glucose levels. Therefore, we must first carefully take antidiabetic drugs, monitor the condition of the feet and protect them from trauma and infection, and if the slightest ulcers or nonhealing wounds in the feet and toes should immediately seek medical attention. The importance of this visual inspection of the legs and feet, as in neuropathy occurring in diabetes mellitus, marked reduction in sensitivity in the legs and feet, so minor scrapes, scratches and wounds the patient may simply not be overlooked.
