The success of the treatment of bronchial asthma in children is largely dependent on the definition of disease severity (mild, moderate and severe), which allows to solve the basic problems of therapeutic tactics and plan of a sick child. The severity of the disease is determined on the basis of clinical, functional and laboratory data, including frequency, severity, duration of attacks of breathlessness or their equivalents, the efficacy of therapeutic drugs, as well as the results of physical and instrumental examination.
In this light bronchial asthma is characterized by infrequent attacks (at least 1 time per month), rapidly disappearing spontaneously or with treatment.
For moderate asthma, asthma attacks occur 3-4 times a month, proceed with impaired breathing and circulation (tachypnea, tachycardia, muffled heart sounds).
Asthma is characterized by severe frequent (daily or several times a week) episodes of breathlessness, occurring both in the daytime and at night, and represent a danger to the child's life. In the interictal period observed persistence of symptoms, reduced physical activity.
Treatment of bronchial asthma - a complex, folding of the anti-inflammatory and symptomatic therapy, and rehabilitation.
Big role for elimination activities. Even the most elementary steps to prevent the most common allergens from the environment can improve the condition of a sick child.
It should reduce the impact on the body of allergens through regular cleaning and cleaning of carpets, bedding, upholstered furniture and stuffed toys. The important point is to remove the animals (cats, dogs, parrots, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, fish) from the child's environment due to the fact that they are allergic to dander, particles of skin and hair, urine and saliva may occur at any time. Avoid feather and down pillows and blankets, sleeping bags and jackets if you are allergic to feather and down. For patients with hypersensitivity to pollen reducing exposure to pollen allergens is carried out by limiting the walks in the flowering period, especially in the green area of the city or in rural areas. In patients with fungal allergies should avoid places with high humidity and damp areas that are conducive environment for the development of mold.
Treatment of asthma and monitoring it over the children is carried out in outpatient pediatrician, and if necessary, pulmonologist and allergist.
Comprehensive treatment of children suffering from bronchial asthma, should include: treatment of essential drugs;
participate in educational programs for sick children and their parents (asthma-school).
periodic inspection by specialists in asthma and related professions (physical therapist, ENT, endocrinologist, psychologist, a specialist in physical therapy);
the use of spa and other non-drug treatments;
vaccination allergens (specific immunotherapy).
Mandatory element of a medical complex is a diary of self-observation. Joint (doctor-patient-family) to discuss the data entered in the diary allows the physician to more deeply understand the essence of the disease, and to the patient (parents) to improve their knowledge on the example of his own situation, and further adjusted (within an individual system) medication (sympathomimetic , methylxanthines, etc.), use other methods of treatment.
The regularity of monitoring depends on the severity and period of the disease. During the period of remission in mild asthma check-up carried out at least once in 6 months, with a moderate time in 3 months. The frequency of ongoing consultations with severe disease is defined individually.
