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The risk of developing osteoporosis at menopause and breast cancer
The risk of developing osteoporosis at menopause and breast cancer
It should be noted that the process of weakening of the bone tissue, as is typical of aging for both men and women, but the latter process is more pronounced. This is partly due to the fact that women have longer life expectancy, resulting in them longer than a process of leaching of bone tissue.
Bone is in a constant renewal: growth and resorption (resorption). This is accomplished by two kinds of cells: osteoclasts, which break down and dilutes the old bone, and osteoblasts, which build new bone tissue, a process which consists in the construction of the so-called matrix composed of collagen fibers and remineralization of layers of calcium and phosphorus. This process varies with the growth of bone tissue. In the beginning there is increased activity of osteoblasts. Further, prior to menopause, the process of the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is the same.
After 35 years, especially after menopause, the process of bone resorption becomes progressively more pronounced than the formation of new tissue. For several years, this process leads gradually to a state as osteopenia. If the process of leaching of bone progresses, there is osteoporosis. Severity of osteoporosis may be different, and is associated with the risk of fractures.
It is also worth pointing out that the process of aging has a greater impact on the weakening of the bone than changes in the level of estrogen in the body. This process is influenced by smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, certain medications. hence improve the bone can limit these factors. We have already said that such a drug like tamoxifen is able to strengthen bone tissue, but the first few years after menopause is marked change in osteoporotic bone.
Osteoporosis can lead to a reduction in vertebral height and a small wrist bone fractures. In addition, increases the likelihood of hip fractures. This is a very serious fractures that affect the quality of life. In older women at the same time there is increased risk of developing complications due to prolonged bed rest after a hip fracture. Of these women, less than 20% returned to their previous activity. In women older than 75 years, the mortality risk for hip fracture complications such as thrombosis, up to 30%. This is due to the fact that prolonged bed rest and low physical activity, blood flow in the veins of the lower extremities is slowed down, it increases the risk of blood clots, which, when separated from the walls can occlude the lumen of the pulmonary artery.
The most accurate method for diagnosing osteoporosis is the so-called DEXA-scan. This X-ray method for diagnosing osteoporosis. It consists in determining the bone density of vertebrae, as these bones very first to respond to changes in bone tissue. Do not confuse the method of DEXA-scan of the radioisotope bone scan, which is used to detect bone metastases. When expressed changes in bone on plain radiographs (a sharp decrease in vertebral height, etc.) need for special methods of diagnosis of osteoporosis is not. But if you have only recently begun to celebrate the signs of menopause, then it makes sense to pre-determine bone changes occurring and their degree of severity.
Manifestations of Osteoporosis
The most common symptom of osteoporosis - a dull pain in the spine, especially with the alternation of movement and rest. Some patients report pain "all bones", sensitive to jarring of the body. Often, these patients may be prolonged, without much effect, being treated for sciatica. These symptoms are associated with destruction of bone tissue. When the number of sites damaged bone increases, bone, losing the original structure, it becomes brittle. At this stage, possible fractures, even at light load. Osteoporosis can appear suddenly on a background of good health, for example, feeling a sharp pain in his back when lifting a heavy bag or the hand of his grandson.
Methods to strengthen bone tissue
The most effective for this combination of lifestyle changes and use of drug therapy.
Lifestyle change for those of his party, which adversely affect the condition of bone tissue and the body as a whole: no smoking, exercise, aimed at reducing excessive weight.
Power to be rich in calcium and phosphorus (all dairy products, green vegetables (parsley, lettuce, onion), legumes, nuts, fish, citrus fruits.), Vitamin D and protein. Calcium is a trudnousvoyaemym elements. Calcium absorption depends not only on its content in the products, but also on its relationships with other components of food, and especially with phosphorus, magnesium and protein. Affects the absorption of calcium and a diet low in fat (milk fat, egg yolk, liver, fish), ie, those products which contain vitamin D.
Prevention of falls. The main risk of osteoporosis are fractures that occur, usually in the fall. In many cases, the fall can be prevented in advance predicting the situation. If you lift weights with a strained back straight and chin raised, it will remove the unwanted load on the spine. The vertebrae are aligned on one line, the load on the surface of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs are distributed evenly, which is essential for the security back. When lifting the object of this situation together with the back muscles are actively involved buttocks and leg muscles. If you lift weights with a bent back and his head down, it leads to an uneven distribution of pressure on the intervertebral discs and back muscles. Disks simultaneously compressed on one side and stretched on the other hand, while the main burden falls on the lumbar spine. You must create a safe environment at home with adequate lighting, slippery floors and no rugs. If you use a ladder, make sure there are not broken handrails or stairs. Shoes should be comfortable. Carefully behave on the street, avoiding the wet or ice-covered sidewalk.
Drug treatment of osteoporosis
Calcium, and it is desirable that this was no ordinary calcium gluconate and calcium glycerophosphate, as it contains in its structure not only calcium but also phosphorus and better digestibility differs. The daily recommended dose of calcium supplementation of 1 - 1.5 grams per day.
Preparations of vitamin D is recommended, if it is tested with the lack of food. The daily dose of it when it is 400 IU.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMS). These include drugs such as Evista (raloxifene) and FARESTON (toremifene).
Hormone therapy. This includes the drug calcitonin.
One of the most popular drugs for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is such a drug as a calcium-D3 Nycomed, which contains both calcium and vitamin D, which improves its digestibility.
Long-term manifestations of menopause
Many women have a greater fear of breast cancer than the fear of heart disease or osteoporosis. However, statistics show that often it is simply confused priorities: Only one of seven or nine women develop breast cancer and heart disease get sick every second or third. 30% of all women die from heart disease (aged 75-80 years), 3% - from complications of osteoporosis, and 3% - from breast cancer.
Cerdechnaya pathology is the leading cause of death in women older than 65 years, but a third of all deaths from cardiovascular disease occur in women younger than 65 years.
Patients who had undergone previous breast cancer have a greater risk of dying from the disease than women who never had breast cancer. However, those and the other is the same risk of dying from heart disease.
The risk of developing osteoporosis at menopause and breast cancer, Manifestations of Osteoporosis, Methods to strengthen bone tissue,Drug treatment of osteoporosis,Long-term manifestations of menopause
