Male menopause - is a normal physiological process of aging female reproductive glands in the aging of the whole organism. Menopause, menopause, menopause - a period in which the regression of female genitalia. At the beginning of the menstrual and fertility are extinguished, and then completely stopped.
Menopause is divided into three phases.
Premenopausal. This period of time prior to cessation of menstrual bleeding. It lasts from three to seven years. During this period there are changes of the menstrual cycle - the cycle lengthens, menstruation becomes scarce, reduced hormonal function of ovaries.
Menopause - a phase that comes after the last menstrual period. Menopause lasts 12 months. Age at menopause an average of 49-51 years. Postmenopausal women is the time from menopause to a complete cessation of ovarian function, ie until the end of a woman's life.
Menopause begins when the ovaries are depleted follicles. Termination of follicular development causes decreased production of estradiol and other hormones. On the mechanism of feedback in a lack of estrogen increases the production of stimulating pituitary hormones, follicle stimulating a greater extent, to a lesser luteinizing hormone. The ovaries decrease in size, they develop sclerotic changes.
Cease production of estradiol. In the body, women are beginning to dominate the male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. A certain amount of estrogen hormone estrola produce other organs and tissues. In the more estrone is produced by adipose tissue, and therefore obese women may be more estrone. Reducing the number of estrogen causes changes in the organs and tissues, which were under the influence of estrogens (uterus, breast, bladder, brain, heart, blood vessels, etc.). Recently it is proved that sensitive to estrogen almost all organs and tissues. In the course of normal menopause reduces the size of the female genital tract and mammary glands.
Approximately half of women develop abnormal menopause. Pathological menopause is characterized by complaints from both the female genitalia and other organs and systems. Duration of pathological climacteric most different. Sometimes it can take up to 10 years of age and quality of life for women in this period, much worse. Most often, menopause occurs in menopausal but may also appear in pre-menopausal women, and even five years after menopause.
Early signs of menopause symptoms appear already in pre-menopausal women. The most common so-called "hot flashes" - the feeling of hot flushes to the head, face, upper body. Usually, when the tide turns red skin dramatically, and after high tide comes sweating. The duration of the tide from 20-30 seconds to three minutes.
This status is often accompanied by flashing of the bright spots before their eyes, a feeling of inner anxiety, unmotivated fear.
Perhaps feeling short of breath, difficulty breathing.
Sometimes the tides take on the character of a crisis. Then they are accompanied by more frequent or slowing the heart rate, increased blood pressure, a sense of impending loss of consciousness.
The tide may occur with fever, blackouts, numbness and pain in the end region of the heart.
Pain in the heart are usually neurotic character, but in some patients during menopause can begin coronary heart disease, or a special condition that occurs when the climacteric syndrome - climacteric cardiomyopathy. Often during menopause contributes to the beginning of hypertension that occurs during menopause, but does not disappear after menopause.
Almost always accompanied by pathological climacteric disorders of the nervous system: headaches of the diverse nature of the appearance of a fever at normal body temperature internal trembling, dizziness.
In this case there are violations of the psycho-emotional areas:
irritability
tearfulness
insomnia
fatiguability
decreased sex drive (libido).
Because of lipid metabolism disorders, menopause is often observed a significant increase in weight. Reduced and the function of other endocrine organs:
may gipotiroz
diabetes mellitus.
On the part of sexual organs occur involutional processes:
itching of the vagina
itching of the vulva
vaginal dryness
inflammatory disease of the cervix.
May arise from violations of the urinary tract:
alginuresis
frequent urination
nocturnal urge to urinate
incontinence.
Menopause is considered:
light if the frequency of hot flushes per day does not exceed 10
average - if the frequency of hot flashes is less than 20
severe degree of climacteric syndrome - more than 20 hot flashes per day.
Menopause can be: uncomplicated if the patient having hot flashes, headaches, sweating, sleep disturbances, irritability complicated, when all these manifestations superimposed on the previously encountered diseases: ischemic heart disease, hypertension, angina, gastro-intestinal tract and t.d.V this case is compounded by one and during menopause and the course of these diseases.
By the late symptoms of menopause are two serious complications: cardiovascular system, and osteoporosis (bone loss).
Treatment of menopause.
Treatment of menopause and complex individual. A woman should understand what menopause and what happens to her body. It is recommended work and rest, avoidance of psycho-traumatic situation, be sure to assigned therapy, including autogenic training, therapeutic exercise, diet, physiotherapy, acupuncture.
Appointed by the vitamins, homeopathic remedies (klimaksan, klimadinon), herbal sedatives. In the absence of the effect of these activities can be assigned to psychotropics or antipsychotics, beta-blockers, potassium containing drugs, Parlodel.
But the main medical therapy of climacteric syndrome is considered a destination gormonzamestitelnoy therapy. It should be appointed only by a physician, taking into account contraindications, which are: the presence of their relatives on the distaff side of cancer of female genital organs, breast, liver and kidney damage, bleeding from the genital organs.
Various preparations containing estrogens:
climate
klimonorm
divin
femoston
divitren
Trisequens
kliogest
klimodien
Livian
genodian depot.
Duration of treatment varies. Annually woman receiving hormone replacement therapy should undergo a detailed examination.
