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Impaired circulation in the vessels of the retina
Impaired circulation in the vessels of the retina
Acute central retinal artery occlusion
Acute occlusion of central retinal artery occlusion or central retinal artery arises at the closing of the lumen of the central artery thrombus, embolus in spasm the muscular wall of the artery. Thrombi and emboli recorded in the central retinal artery from other tissues and organs. Most often they occur in heart diseases, endocarditis, atrial fibrillation, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular, rheumatic diseases, temporal arteritis, chronic infectious diseases. Sometimes this condition occurs in antiphospholipid syndrome and hypertension.
Usually ill young people. The patient complains of sudden loss of one eye. On examination, fundus exhibit dramatically narrowed arteries, retina and milky-white, pale against the background of the retina is allocated a dark red central fovea of the retina, reminiscent of cherry stone - it is a symptom of "cherry". The dark red color of the central fovea of the retina arises from shining through a thin layer of the retina choroid.
Optic disc pale with a grayish tinge. The retina, which fueled the affected artery swells, retinal cells under the conditions of oxygen starvation and lack of nutrients are killed. Sometimes young people are a spasm of the artery of the retina. In this case, the vision may later recover fully. But if the spasm lasts long, the changes may become irreversible. Acute central retinal artery obstruction is a severe disease that leads to permanent vision loss. The most threatening complication is occlusion of the optic nerve atrophy.
Treatment of central retinal artery occlusion
Required urgent hospitalization, since treatment started in the early stages of the disease more effectively. Establish the exact cause of the overlap artery usually is not possible.
Artery thrombosis thrombolysis gives the best results. At the same intravenous drugs that dissolve blood clot (streptokinase, plasminogen), and blood flow in arteries is restored. With timely thrombolysis can fully preserve vision. After thrombolysis used anticoagulant that would prevent a possible re-formation of thrombus. Appointed by the vasodilators, diuretics, corticosteroid hormones.
Thrombosis, retinal vein
Retinal vein thrombosis (retinal vein) often occurs when:
hypertension
atherosclerosis
diseases of the blood from clotting
in leukemia
sickle-cell anemia
in diabetes mellitus.
Thrombosis of central retinal vein is accompanied by a sharp decrease in vision. Occurs suddenly. The fundus exhibit swelling of the retina and optic nerve. Vienna dramatically expanded and coiled around the blood vessels there are multiple hemorrhages. It is considered, the picture is the central retinal vein thrombosis is similar to the crushed tomatoes. Thrombosis usually occurs in one eye, but occasionally this condition arises from two sides. Thrombosis of one of the branches of the central retinal vein changes limited to the affected area of the vessel. Visual disturbances occur to a lesser degree. Vision after central retinal vein thrombosis significantly restore is usually not possible. Sometimes there are complications such as glaucoma, optic nerve atrophy.
Treatment of retinal vein thrombosis
Treatment should be performed in a hospital. In the early hours of the disease may conduct thrombolysis or clot resolution with fibrinolytic agents and anticoagulants. Heparin in the acute stage of the disease is introduced into the fatty tissue behind the eyeball.
Currently used in the course of lazerokoagulyatsiya branches of the central retinal vein occlusion, which allows to obtain good treatment results.
Vasculitis of the retina
Vasculitis, angiopathy, or retinal disease periflebit Ilza - this inflammatory vascular disease of the retina with a lesion of the vascular wall. For inflammation of the vascular wall lead infection, systemic inflammatory disease (thromboangiitis, systemic lupus erythematosus), and rheumatism.
Vasculitis accompanied by swelling and thickening of the vascular wall. The function is disrupted and broken blood vessels supplies the power of their tissues. Vasculitis can occur in small areas and may spread throughout the retina, the optic nerve. Young people are sick.
Treatment of vasculitis
First of all, you need treatment of the underlying disease. Appointed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, other anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids. With time begun treatment results are good.
