The main goal of diet therapy in bronchial asthma is to reduce the allergic disposition of the patient, aided by the so-called hypoallergenic diet recommended by the Institute of Nutrition.
Hypoallergenic diet for asthma
Dining with asthma should be full and varied. It must contain a sufficient amount of protein, mostly of animals (meat, fish, milk, milk drinks, cheese, cheese, etc.). However, it should be remembered that this protein structures often cause allergic reactions that can trigger an attack. Allergens can be fish, crab, caviar, eggs and sometimes meat.
Food substances with allergenic properties, a lot of power and can not be constructed so as to avoid their use, but beware of products that have a pronounced allergenic properties, it is necessary, and if one of them at least once caused any allergic symptoms - eczema, hives , choking, then later have to remove it from the diet.
With respect to fat restriction, primarily related to lamb, pork, beef and fat combined. Butter, sour cream, cream, vegetable oil can be used without restrictions as to the kind, and in the dishes.
It is necessary to limit the number of carbohydrates, and by introducing a more digestible diet of them, then there should be greater use of vegetables, fruits, berries and juices.
It is necessary to limit the use of salt, and with the appearance of edema, indicating that violation of blood circulation, reduce fluid intake to 1-1.5 liters per day and include in the daily diet of foods rich in calcium, potassium, calcium salts as possess anti-inflammatory and antiallergic action. These products are primarily milk and a variety of lactic acid beverages, cheese, mild cheese, etc.
People who suffer from asthma should be excluded from the diet foods containing large amounts of oxalic acid, since the latter contributes to the removal of calcium from the body. A large amount of oxalic acid include spinach, lettuce, turnips, and cocoa.
It is also necessary to limit the use of products that enhance the excitability of the central nervous system: strong tea, coffee, cocoa, rich broth, savory snacks, spices, pickles, herring, etc.
New principles of nutrition in bronchial asthma, respiratory therapists recommended today.
Now there are many studies in which health professionals and scientists, pulmonologists considered "hypoallergenic diet" excessive therapies example, impairing the quality of life of patients with no guarantee of improvement in their condition. Many domestic and foreign pulmonologists concluded that hypoallergenic diets are necessary only in atopic asthma with allergic reactions to specific foods.
Modern ideas about the importance of nutrition (food) factors in the development and course of asthma can be formulated following the principles of nutrition in this disease:
In the absence of data on individual food intolerances, and related diseases that require a special diet, patients are encouraged to sound (healthy) food, which consists of a variety of products. Only restriction is subject to salt, because sodium increases in asthma bronchial hyperreactivity to external influences, and can also adversely affect the chronic inflammation in the airways.
In practice this restriction - is the refusal of the patient's abuse of salty foods and excessive podsalivaniya food while eating. Has a definite value and compliance with diet as a risk factor for the development of episodes of bronchospasm include overdistension of the stomach and the need for pereedanii.Izbegat a heavy meal before bedtime. It is recommended to limit the content of carbohydrates (starch and free sugars) in the diet only in violation of carbohydrate tolerance on the background of long-term use of systemic corticosteroids, as well as in severe asthma, followed by respiratory failure with hypercapnia. In bronchial asthma should be drinking plenty (unless contraindicated) for adequate hydration of the airways to foreign putey.Po pulmonologists, healthy food in the diets of patients suffering from bronchial asthma, should be included fresh fruit, berries, vegetables and their juices as the main sources of vitamin C , B-carotene and other carotenoids, and flavonoids. It is permissible to moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, primarily - grape wines (B. Smith, R. Ruffin, 2001; S. Tabac et al, 2001). Justified by the food supplement preparations in physiological doses of multivitamins - for 1 to 2 pills a day. Preparations should include vitamins C and E, and B-carotene, which seems to possess useful in bronchial asthma antioxidant effect.
Protein-energy malnutrition affects the function of the respiratory system. At normal body weight ration of the patient should not be excessive or insufficient energy to not promote obesity or protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), which can worsen the disease.
In bronchial asthma associated with food allergies ("food-asthma") apply with the exception of the elimination diet products that significantly exacerbate the disease, not all products with a "high antigenic potency", which only worsens the food and the quality of life of patients. Manifestations of "Food asthma" are characteristic of young children, but the developing organism is usually "outgrow" the disease.
When the pollen asthma attacks sometimes occur from the consumption of the food plant products that have common antigenic properties of the pollen that causes hay fever (cross-affinity). This food grains (with an allergy to pollen grains), nuts, especially the forest (if you are allergic to pollen of hazel), sunflower seeds (if you are allergic to pollen of Compositae - sunflower, wormwood, chamomile). For proof of this relationship such products should be excluded from the diet. However, it must be borne in mind that cereal products, which have heat cooking (bread, cereal, etc.) usually do not cause exacerbation of pollen asthma. From allergic (immune) effects should be distinguished asthma attacks, in which the smell of cooking food is a nonspecific irritant (irritant): the smell of roasting meat, heated oils, etc. In these cases, there is no reason to exclude from the diet of the meat or butter.
"Aspirin asthma" occurs in adults and is associated with dysfunction of inflammatory mediators - prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Therefore, characteristic of bronhospastichesky effect of aspirin, the effect of which is shown through the system. About a third of patients with "aspirin asthma" bronchospasm respond to foods containing food additives: tartrazine yellow dye (confectionery, soft drinks, manufactured on the basis of artificial essences) or preservative sodium benzoate (preserves fish, some types of margarine). "Aspirin asthma" associated with salicylic acid. Salicylic acid in very small amounts found in many fruits, berries, at least - in vegetables, but bronchoconstriction from them is possible only in hypersensitive people.
In mild to moderate asthma, and no contraindications have been recommended by 2-3-week courses RTD - fasting-diet therapy. However, fasting is not a positive effect on all patients, and a possible beneficial effect is usually unstable. The cause of asthma relapse after the RTD in 72% of the cases were acute respiratory infections, appears to be viral in origin. To overcome these recurrences authors propose to observe an additional 2 to 3 daily or total starvation with the use of water instead of juice from wheat germ (phyto-RTD). It should be emphasized that after a period of enthusiasm RTD in bronchial asthma is a reasonable decline of interest in this method of treatment. In foreign Pulmonology RTD in bronchial asthma is rarely used. Phyto-RTD, as well as various "cleansing" the body of patients with bronchial asthma, non-traditional diet food, do not refer to evidence-based nutrition, and to paradietologii.
In moderate and severe asthma drugs corticosteroids are used. Prolonged intake of hormones leads to disruption of metabolism and the emergence of "steroid asthma." Minimal side effects occur from inhaled corticosteroids, the maximal - from oral steroids for systemic effects. It should highlight the issue of rational consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), omega-3 (mainly fish oils) and omega-6 (mainly sunflower and corn oil-ruznoe). Found that omega-3 PUFA suppress the formation of the omega-6 PUFA inflammatory mediators (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane) in bronchial asthma. Note that the bronchial hyperreactivity, and their susceptibility to spasm PUFA fish do not work. There have been reports of favorable effects in asthma taking dietary supplements containing omega-3 PUFA ("eikonal", "Polien"), as well as a lower frequency of asthma attacks in patients who consume sea fish at least 4 times a week. However, the 2001-2002 study conducted by the methods of evidence-based medicine in Japan and other countries that have not confirmed the significant effect of fat fish on bronchial asthma. There is reason to believe that in the diet of patients with asthma should be present and marine fish, including oily, and vegetable oils, without drag one of these products to the detriment of others, which corresponds to the principles of good (healthy) food. Of course, there is no reason to exclude from the diet of fish, as suggested by the above advocates universal compliance with bronchial asthma "hypoallergenic diets".
In asthma it is advisable to take a multivitamin-mineral supplements that include magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese. An example of such a complex containing all these components, except for selenium, is a domestic product, "Complivit."
