Anomalies of renal position (dystopia) occur during the prenatal period. In utero development of kidney was put into the pelvis and in the process of fetal development moves up to its normal position. However, under the influence of various factors, the normal movement of the kidneys may stop at any stage. There are hip, lumbar, iliac dystopia kidney. Anomalies of the location of the kidney are common, and may not manifest itself clinically.
Pelvic kidney dystopia. This anomaly does not occur often. In this case the kidney is located in the pelvis. Usually, between the bladder and rectum in men and uterus and rectum in women. When this anomaly in a patient complaint associated with dysfunction of organs adjacent to the abnormally located kidney. There are pains in the rectum, sometimes constipation, pain during intercourse in women, etc. Sometimes a kidney to detect when a gynecological examination, as a tight formation behind the posterior vaginal vault, or the digital examination of the rectum.
Iliac dystopia kidney. This anomaly is the location of the kidney occurs frequently and is accompanied by an anomalous increase in the number of renal arteries. In this case the kidney is located in the iliac fossa pain manifested such an anomaly in the iliac region and abdomen. In women, the pain may worsen in the menstrual period. Atypically located kidney can compress a section of the intestine, causing constipation and disorders of the intestine. You may experience nausea, vomiting, flatulence. All these manifestations drastically increase with the appearance in dystopic kidney disease (hydronephrosis, urolithiasis, pyelonephritis). Sometimes, the kidney is detectable by palpation the abdomen and can be mistakenly taken for a tumor of the abdominal cavity or ovarian cysts.
Lumbar dystopia kidney. In this case, the kidney is slightly lower than its normal position, and it departs from the aorta artery is lower than normal. Typically, such a kidney is rotated forward wash basin. Sometimes, the kidney is manifested by pain in the lumbar region. When probing the abdomen it can take a tumor or omission of a normal kidney.
Thoracic kidney dystopia. Very rare. When this anomaly is located above the kidney and the diaphragm is located in the thoracic cavity. Ureter and renal vessels of a much longer than normal. This anomaly may be manifested by pain behind the breastbone, often after a meal. Detected incidentally during radiographic examinations, such as education above the diaphragm. Sometimes mistakenly diagnosed with lung tumor or diaphragmatic hernia. Help establish the correct diagnosis urography and ultrasound, which shows no kidney in the usual place.
Cross-kidney dystopia. Cross-kidney dystopia is rare and is characterized by the movement of one of his kidneys in the midline of the body. Thus, both kidneys are on one side of the spine. Very often, the two kidneys fused into one body, but each have their own vessels and ureters. Usually, this anomaly is not manifested clinically and diagnosed by ultrasound and excretory urography. Surgical treatment is carried out only if there is a disease requiring surgical intervention (hydronephrosis, tumors, urolithiasis, pyelonephritis).
