Calcaneal spur
Heel spur - a bony protrusion, which develops on the plantar (bottom) surface of the calcaneus often the place of attachment to the bone of the foot aponeurosis (aponeurosis). Developing a disease mainly in people who are forced nature of their work for a long time to stand or walk. Particularly common heel spurs occur when flat feet.
Spur develops when the strengthened pressure on the calcan
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Muscle damage - a common, common type of injury in athletes. It is believed that up to 25% of the people involved in sports each year or another traumatic injury of the muscles, therefore, the athletes experienced in the presence of intense physical activity, this figure is closer to 100%.
Ruptures of muscles. Athletes are most often damaged muscle contraction, ie muscles that are at the peak of the contractile phase, and hardly any damage to the phase relaxa
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Tendons are composed of dense fibrous connective tissue. Healthy tendon ruptures are rare, when the load on it becomes prohibitive and exceeds the mechanical resistance of tissues. If the tendon for a long time experienced significant congestion, it may develop degenerative and dystrophic process. Contribute to the degeneration of the tendon tissue circulatory disorders, metabolic diseases, chronic inflammation and hypothermia.
Tendon rupture may be complete
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Tear-off fractures in athletes - this is the gap area of bone at the site of attachment of tendons. They occur as a result of the strong pull of the muscles in their dramatic tension, sudden movement or uncoordinated defensive reflex movements. A well-trained athletes tear fracture may occur at the beginning of fast movement with force: while throwing projectiles at the start, at the time of separation when jumping, and dismount.
Much less tear fractures occu
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Muscles are attached to the skeleton by tendons. In place of attachment of tendons to bone and periosteum is absent tendon fibers are woven directly into the bone. Between the fibers of the tendon is cartilage, which has a varying degree of ossification and strengthens the attachment of tendons, as well as playing the role of depreciation at a voltage change and traction of the muscles.
When muscle tension point of attachment to their skeleton experiencing a
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Deformation of the so-called lower leg bandy legs - it's not just a cosmetic defect. In the presence of calf strain load on articular surfaces of the femur at the knee joint is uneven. With age, this leads to the development of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the knee joint - osteoarthritis or gonarthrosis. Curvature of the lower leg causing the development of flatfoot.
The correct form of the legs is such that at which the line drawn through the femoral
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Lengthening of the lower extremities
Human growth continues up to 18-20 years. After that, expect a spontaneous increase in the length of the tubular bones of the limbs and the associated growth to occur.
The shortening of the lower limbs is of two kinds:
- true shortening, which reduced the length of the bones and soft ti
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