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Chronic pyelonephritis - causes and treatment
Chronic pyelonephritis - causes and treatment
Chronic pyelonephritis is the result of acute pyelonephritis.
The causes of chronic inflammation in the kidney is usually as follows:
Improper treatment of acute pyelonephritis, the appointment of ineffective antibiotics, insufficient duration of treatment. The presence in the patient's chronic focus of infection and no cure of this focus.
Go to the form of micro-organisms that are resistant to adverse external influences, which greatly complicates the treatment and sometimes creates the illusion of recovery of the patient.
The presence of other diseases of urinary system, which contribute to chronic process, first of all in violation of the outflow of urine (urinary stone disease, narrowing of the urinary tract, prostate adenoma). The lack of treatment of the underlying disease, the most common cause of chronic pyelonephritis.
The presence of chronic diseases of other organs and systems that lead to a weakening of the body's defenses (diabetes, obesity, blood disorders, gastro-intestinal tract, etc.). Abnormalities in the immune system, diseases and conditions associated with decreased immune defense.
Chronic pyelonephritis often begin in childhood after acute pyelonephritis. Girls get sick more often. If acute pyelonephritis, for whatever reason not disinfected, acute infectious and viral diseases of other organs (influenza and other viral respiratory infections, sore throats, sinusitis, otitis) lead to an exacerbation of infection in the kidneys.
Depending on the activity of the inflammatory process in kidneys distinguish the following phases of chronic pyelonephritis:
Phase of active inflammation. This condition is an acute inflammatory process, when the kidney is an inflammatory process and the body fights infection. In this case, found in the urine white blood cells, bacteria, blood analysis - signs of inflammation in the body, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In the treatment of chronic pyelonephritis, and sometimes even without treatment, the acute phase into the next - latent.
Latent phase may last for a long time, sometimes up to six months. In the latent phase of the inflammatory process in kidneys dies down, the number of leukocytes and bacteria in the urine is reduced, reaction to the inflammation decreases. Phase remission. All laboratory tests came to normal figures. But after a while in case of unfavorable conditions for the human body the process is resumed.
Each new exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis in the inflammatory process involves all of the new sections of kidney tissue. Over time, after attenuation of the inflammatory process, at this point the normal kidney tissue dies and forms a scar. As a result of long-term course of chronic pyelonephritis is a gradual reduction in working kidney tissue, eventually the kidney shrinks and stops functioning. In the case of bilateral renal disease, this leads to the emergence of chronic renal failure.
Chronic pyelonephritis can occur for many years, sometimes unnoticed by the patient and physician. Often, chronic pyelonephritis occurs only general weakness, fatigue on exertion, headaches, weak, dull pain in the lumbar region on one or both sides. Sometimes, patients increasingly concerned by the manifestations of the gastrointestinal tract (abdominal pain, constipation, bloating). Over time, with a decrease in kidney function appear thirst, dry mouth, and various violations of urination (large amounts of urine during the day or night). Increased blood pressure, and this renal hypertension is poorly treated.
Diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis is carried out using laboratory, radioisotope X-ray methods.
Treatment of chronic pyelonephritis. Treatment of chronic pyelonephritis must solve three problems:
eliminate the causes that led to the emergence of the disease - a violation of the outflow of urine and blood circulation disorders of kidney
required treatment with antibiotics or other antibacterial drugs, taking into account the sensitivity of the microorganism causing the disease to antibiotics
increase the body's defenses.
Treatment of chronic pyelonephritis long, the first course of antibacterial therapy for at least 6 weeks. Then, a second course of antibiotic therapy, the frequency is determined by the course of the inflammatory process in patients individually. In the intervals prescribed course of diuretic herbs, cranberry juice, methionine. To increase the immune defenses are appointed or pentoksil methyluracil. Assigned to a spa treatment, receiving brackish mineral waters. If the patient has abnormalities of the kidneys, urinary tract surgery is sometimes required. In children, such treatment must be performed as soon as possible to save most of the renal tissue.
